In the period following the Second World War, the emerging modern industry needed more and more test equipment to produce perfect parts.
As a result, non-destructive testing instruments were developed, mass-produced and continuously improved.
The first NDT method to enter industrial applications was X-ray technology
01. X-ray technology
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.
As early as 1895, he discovered "an unknown radiation", which is named after him in all his German-speaking countries.
In his first publication, he described all the effects, including the possible detection of defects.
At that time industry did not yet need this invention, but medicine did.
As a result, medical devices were developed, used and produced in large numbers.
The only effect that Roentgen could not foresee was that X-rays could be hazardous to human health. Many lives were lost before radiation protection was introduced.
Richard Seifert.
realized early applications of X-ray technology in Germany around 1930.
He improved medical equipment, worked with welding organizations, and established a small company founded by his father with a worldwide reputation called Richard Seifert Hamburg 13.
Competition was received from CHFMüller, part of the Siemens and Philips organizations, which was already working in the medical field.
Seifert died in 1969, but his company maintained a leading position in the field of technical X-ray applications under the direction of his youngest daughter, Elisabeth Samusch.
Radiation tests can also be performed with radioisotopes, as discovered by Mme.
Curie, who was born in Warsaw, now Maria Sklodowska, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 by her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel. This was the second award after Röntgen in 1901.
Radioisotopes were also initially used for medical applications.
In Germany, Rudolf Berthold and Otto Vaupel applied them to welded joints after 1933.
After World War II, Arturo Gilardoni in Italy, Drenk and Andreasen in Denmark developed X-ray equipment, and Kurt Sauerwein in Germany portable isotope vessels.
02. Magnetic Particle Inspection
Magnetic particle crack detection even earlier than X-ray detection.
The British Saxby (SM Saxby) as early as 1868 has lived, the Americans William Hoke (William Hoke) in 1917 has attempted to find cracks in the barrel of the gun through magnetic indication.
After 1929, Victor de Forest and Foster Doane made practical industrial applications.
In 1934, they founded a company called Magnaflux, which gained worldwide fame.
In 1932, the first European to build a magnetic particle flaw detector was the Italian Giraudi, whose machine was called " Metalloscopio".
In Germany, Berthold and Vaupel applied MP technology to welded structures. Their equipment was produced by Ernst Heubach. bruno Suschyzki sold the equipment. He invented the swinging field MP test.
EAWMüller in Berlin also designed the MP tester for Siemens.
In Prague, a similar production was started by Karasek on behalf of Seifert.
After the Second World War, Wilhelm Tiede, a former Seifert employee, founded his own company in southern Germany.
Through the Seifert organization, he was associated with Karasek, who had moved to Brazil in 1948 after the communist revolution in Czechoslovakia. There he continued to produce MP machines.
Starting with the dry powder method, by the end of the 1950s two more companies entered the market: Karl Deutsch in Germany and CGM in Italy (Carlo Gianni Mil